Posts tagged: Supply Chain Integration

According to the World Health Organization, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of death globally, responsible for more than 3 million deaths every year1. Given this substantial disease burden, early and accurate diagnosis is essential for effective prevention and long-term management. The GOLD 2024/2025 reports emphasize that spirometry is required to establish the diagnosis of COPD, with a post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC < 0.7 serving as the defining criterion for persistent airflow limitation in the appropriate clinical context2.